The heart of most irrigation systems is a pump. To make an irrigation system as efficient as possible, the pump must be selected to match the requirements of the water source, the water piping system and the irrigation equipment.
Pumps used for irrigation include centrifugal, deep well turbine, submersible and propeller pumps. Actually, turbine, submersible and propeller pumps are special forms of a centrifugal pump. However, their names are common in the industry. In this circular the term centrifugal pump will refer to any pump located above the water surface and using a suction pipe.
Before selecting an irrigation pump, a careful and complete inventory of the conditions under which the pump will operate must take place. The inventory must include:
1. The source of water (well, river, pond, etc.)
2. The required pumping flow rate
3. The total suction head
4. The total dynamic head
There usually is no choice when it comes to the source of the water; it is either surface water or well water and the local geology and hydrologic conditions will determine availability. However, the type of irrigation system will determine the flow rate and total dynamic head, the distance from the water source and the size of the piping system.
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