GstarCAD2012EX

Integrates several bugs fixed and enhancements that exist before middle November 2012, such as: crash files, secondary development, functions error,


etc. Improved the function of hatch edit, added the boundary options such as: Recreate boundary associated/no associated and delete boundary are available

and enhanced. Improved the Mtext Editor, better text input/edit visibility. The Mtext editor box will pop up at top of the Mtext frame which makes easy input text.

Also the Mtextfixed values have been enhanced on displaying and editing Mtext at any position (angular, horizontal, vertical). The enhancement for publish is

the addition of <3d dwf=""> option for Page Setup. You can create and publish DWF file of your 3D model with nearly the same visual fidelity as your DWG file.

This version not only integrates bug fixes and enhancements but also is packed with innovative tools that you can easily find out in the express tools such as: Areasum, Layout by path, Align Tool, Arrange Tool, Text Match, Change Text, Text Align, Line2PL, SPTPL and Batpurge. These tools will help you in the
process of automating tedious tasks such as moving, editing and copy objects in a short time and easily way.

FLYWHEEL

Classification of Flywheels—Flywheels may be classified as balance wheels or as flywheel
pulleys. The object of all flywheels is to equalize the energy exerted and the work
done and thereby prevent excessive or sudden changes of speed. The permissible speed
variation is an important factor in all flywheel designs. The allowable speed change varies
considerably for different classes of machinery; for instance, it is about 1 or 2 per cent in
steam engines, while in punching and shearing machinery a speed variation of 20 per cent
may be allowed.
The function of a balance wheel is to absorb and equalize energy in case the resistance to
motion, or driving power, varies throughout the cycle. Therefore, the rim section is generally
quite heavy and is designed with reference to the energy that must be stored in it to prevent
excessive speed variations and, with reference to the strength necessary to withstand
safely the stresses resulting from the required speed. The rims of most balance wheels are
either square or nearly square in section, but flywheel pulleys are commonly made wide to
accommodate a belt and relatively thin in a radial direction, although this is not an invariable
rule.
Flywheels, in general, may either be formed of a solid or one-piece section, or they may
be of sectional construction. Flywheels in diameters up to about eight feet are usually cast
solid, the hubs sometimes being divided to relieve cooling stresses. Flywheels ranging
from, say, eight feet to fifteen feet in diameter, are commonly cast in half sections, and the
larger sizes in several sections, the number of which may equal the number of arms in the
wheel. Sectional flywheels may be divided into two general classes. One class includes
cast wheels which are formed of sections principally because a solid casting would be too
large to transport readily. The second class includes wheels of sectional construction
which, by reason of the materials used and the special arrangement of the sections, enables
much higher peripheral speeds to be obtained safely than would be possible with ordinary
sectional wheels of the type not designed especially for high speeds. Various designs have
been built to withstand the extreme stresses encountered in some classes of service. The
rims in some designs are laminated, being partly or entirely formed of numerous segmentshaped
steel plates. Another type of flywheel, which is superior to an ordinary sectional
wheel, has a solid cast-iron rim connected to the hub by disk-shaped steel plates instead of
cast spokes.
Steel wheels may be divided into three distinct types, including 1) those having the center
and rim built up entirely of steel plates; 2) those having a cast-iron center and steel
rim; and 3) those having a cast-steel center and rim formed of steel plates.
Wheels having wire-wound rims have been used to a limited extent when extremely high
speeds have been necessary.
When the rim is formed of sections held together by joints it is very important to design
these joints properly. The ordinary bolted and flanged rim joints located between the arms
average about 20 per cent of the strength of a solid rim and about 25 per cent is the maximum
strength obtainable for a joint of this kind. However, by placing the joints at the ends
of the arms instead of between them, an efficiency of 50 per cent of the strength of the rim
may be obtained, because the joint is not subjected to the outward bending stresses
between the arms but is directly supported by the arm, the end of which is secured to the rim
just beneath the joint. When the rim sections of heavy balance wheels are held together by
steel links shrunk into place, an efficiency of 60 per cent may be obtained; and by using a
rim of box or I-section, a link type of joint connection may have an efficiency of 100 percent.

FLYWHEEL BOLT ANALYSIS

Thread size - M14x1.5
Bolt material 10.9
Minimum yield of material(N/mm^2)-940
Tightening torque(Nm)-168
Flywheel mounting flange OD(mm)-96
I D of the flywheel contact surface(mm)-41
Friction coefficient in bolt thread and under bolt head - 0.14
Friction coefficient bet crankshaft and flywheel - 0.15
Minor dia of the bolt thread (mm)- 11.879
Pitch dia of the bolt thread (mm)- 12.854
Nominal dia of the bolt thread (mm)- 13.968
Bolt pitch (mm)- 1.5
No. of bolts - 6
Bolt preload Fp(kN)-79.63941115
Total preload is(kN)-477.8364669
This is the total axial force applied to the contact surface bet crankshaft and flywheel
Transmissible friction torque
Mean friction radius mm (by uniform wear theory) 36.09002433
Transmissible friction torque at any axial contact surface Tf (Nm)- 2586.769458