Pressure vessels are used in a variety of applications in both industry and the private sector. They appear in these sectors as industrial compressed air receivers and domestic hot water storage tanks. Other examples of pressure vessels are diving cylinders, recompression chambers, distillation towers, pressure reactors, autoclaves, and many other vessels in mining operations, oil refineries and petrochemical plants, nuclear reactor vessels, submarine and space ship habitats, pneumatic reservoirs, hydraulic reservoirs underwater etc.
Pressure vessels can theoretically be almost any shape, but shapes made of sections of spheres, cylinders, and cones are usually employed. A common design is a cylinder with end caps called heads. Head shapes are frequently either hemispherical or dished. More complicated shapes have historically been much harder to analyze for safe operation and are usually far more difficult to construct.
• Spherical gas container. Natural gas storage, Gas holder etc.
Depending on the application and local circumstances, alternatives to pressure vessels exist. Examples can be seen in domestic water collection systems, where the following may be used:
• Gravity-controlled systems which typically consist of an unpressurized water tank at an elevation higher than ground level.
No matter what shape it takes, the minimum mass of a pressure vessel scales with the pressure and volume it contains and is inversely proportional to the strength to weight ratio of the construction material (minimum mass decreases as strength increases ).
Pressure vessels are held together against the gas pressure due to tensile forces within the walls of the container.
Pressure vessels are designed to operate safely at a specific pressure and temperature, technically referred to as the "Design Pressure" and "Design Temperature". A vessel that is inadequately designed to handle a high pressure constitutes a very significant safety hazard. Because of that, the design and certification of pressure vessels is governed by design codes such as the ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code in North America, the Pressure Equipment Directive of the EU (PED), • Tube tool
• American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME)
• Bottled gas – Substances which are gaseous at standard temperature and pressure and have been compressed and stored in gas cylinders.
Source - Wikipedia
2 comments:
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